Ethics · John Dewey
INDEX
Autonomy, as essence of moral duty, 225; Kant's conception of, 169, 346, 352; in later utilitarianism, 361; in State and the family, 599 f.; see Control, Duty, Law, State Australian customs, marriage, 22; initiatory, 58 f.; regulated duel, 63 Bacon, Francis, 4, 164, 165 Bacon, Roger, 164 Bagehot, 53 Bain, on happiness, 265; on utilitarianism, 286; his account of duty, 356-8 Balzac, 189 Bayard, Chevalier, 149 Benevolence, 160 f., 375-91 Bentham, on motive, 228, 247-8, 354; on moral science, 235; on disposition, 254-5; on pleasure and happiness, 264, 286; on utilitarian calculus, 275-6; denial of quality of pleasure, 282; on pleasure of sympathy, 291; democratic individualism of, 525 Blackstone, 578 Blood feud, 28, 62 f., 70, 456 Boniface VIII., Bull of, 147 Bosanquet, Helen, 584, 595 f. Bryce, James, 146 Caesar, 18 Capital and labor, 499, 501 f., 505 f., 532, 542 f. Capitalism, as method of industry, 78, 158-60, 498 f., 508, 538, 545; see Capital, Corporation Carelessness, 462-4 Carlyle, criticism of individualism, 161, 192; of utilitarianism, 265, 289 n. Casuistry, 325-8 Categorical Imperative, 344 Celts, clan system of, 144; see also Ireland, Welsh Character, formation of, 9 f.; organization of, in group morality, 72; in Hebrews, 104-6; among Greeks, 138-41; relation to desire and deliberation, 202; moral importance of, 229, 233; relation to will, 246; relation to conduct, Chapter XIII.; and disposition, 254-7; measures the pleasant and unpleasant, 277-9; unification of, 283; its reconstruction, 343, 362; recognized by law, 460 f.
Charity, in Middle Ages, 146, 157; and right to life, 444; see Benevolence Chastity, 146, 177 Chief, authority of, 61 Child-labor, 193 f., 444, 489, 538, 540 f. Chinese customs, 17 f., 69 Chivalry, 149 f. Christian conceptions, love, 100; sacrifice, 102; faith, 103; freedom, 108; social order, 109, 187; asceticism and authority, 145 f., 364; unity of members, 147; moral value of labor, 156; relation to social order, 184 ff.; see Church, Hebrew Church, its contribution to modern morality, 142; its ideals, 145; and jural theory of morals, 218 f.; its influence on history of the family, 576-8; see also Religion Cicero, 152 Civil Society, Chapter XXI.; defined, 451; reform of its administration, 471-3 Clark, J. B., 542 Class ideals, of Greeks, 116 f.; of Germans and Celts, 144 f.; honor and, 86 f.; as source of moral terms, 175 f. Class interests, 84, 94, 119-24, 127, 162, 474 Closed shop, 559-61 Collective Agencies, see Corporations, Labor Union, Public Agency, Socialism Collectivism, its formula, 484; contrasted with socialism, 556 Colonna, Aegidius, 147 Communism, 161 Competition, modern theory of, 158, 531, 542; tends to destroy itself, 532, 538; crude method of selecting ability, 559; Carlyle on, 161 Conduct, as subject of ethics, 1; two aspects of, 2; three stages of, 8-10; three levels of, 37-9; first level, Chapter III.; second level, Chapter IV.; third level, Chapters V.-VIII.; nature of, 205, 237-8; relation to character, Chapter XIII.; place of happiness in, Chapter XIV.; place of reason in, Chapter XVI.
Conflicting services, problem of, 493 Conscience, transition from custom to, 73 f., 179; Greek symbols of, 139 f.; Stoic suggestion of, 140 f.; with Abelard, 151; meaning of, 183, 188 f.; analysis of, see Intuitionalism, Knowledge, Reason Conscientiousness, 405, 434 Consequences, Chapter XIII.; importance of, 234-5, 238; denied by Kant, 242-4; when foreseen form intention, 247; practical importance, 251; as moral sanctions, 358-60; as self-realization, 392; accidental, 459-60; careless, 463 Content, see Consequences, and "What" Contracts, _versus_ status, 20; theory and value of, 158, 452 f., 496; of little benefit to wage-earner, 503-5, 529 f.; as obstacle to legislation, 505 f.; analyzed, 527 ff. Control, the right as, 7; in primitive group, 26-9, 32, 34, 52; primitive means of enforcing, 54 ff.; challenged in Greece, 118 ff.; problem of, 217-9; theories concerning, 225, 232; external and internal, 353-61; self-control, 407; see Jural, Law, Standard, Right Convention, in Greek morals and ethics, 111 f., 124 f. Cooperation, and mutual aid, 43; in industry, 43; in war, 44 f.; in art, 45 f.; as organized in corporations and unions, 495-507 Corporations, moral difficulties of, 498; management of, 500 f.; relations to employes and public, 501 ff.; require new types of morality, 517-22; capitalization of, 561 ff. Corruption, political, 477, 537-9 Coulanges, 19 Courage, 42, 118, 410-13 Courts, primitive, 61; as school of morality, 182 f.; as instruments of oppression, 195; civil, ethical value of, 454; in labor disputes, 504 f.; on police power, 505 f., 555 f.; recognition of public welfare by, 555 f.
Genung, J. F., 102 George, Henry, 162, 510 f. Germans, customs of, 18, 53; character and ideals, 143 f., 149; family among, 575 f. Golden Rule; 334 Good, the, as subject of ethics, 1, 7 f., 12, 203-5, 215, 236, 241; origin of the conception of moral, 183 f.; in group morality, 69-72; Hebrew ideals of, 107-9; significance in Greek thought, 113, 117, 119, 124; Greek individualistic and hedonistic theories of, 126; Plato on, 131-4, 136 f., 140; Aristotle on, 134 f., 138; and modern civilization, 154 ff., 557 f.; as happiness, 169, Chapter XIV.; private and general, 289-300, 308; the true, 208, 284, 302; good men as standard, 279, 324; rational and sensuous, 337; wealth as, 487; see Happiness, Value Goodness, 233, 251; formal and material, 259 n.; of character, 279; and happiness, 284; and social interest, 298; intrinsic, 318-20; and progress, 422; see Virtue Government, distrust of, 474; reform of, 479-80; see also State Gray, J. H., 17 Greeks, early customs, 18 f., 46; compared with Hebrews, 91 f.; moral development of, 111-41, 197, 215, 217 f. Green, on duty, 225; on hedonism, 269; on practical value of utilitarianism, 287-8; on moral progress, 429 Grosscup, Judge, 552 Grote, 19, 172 f., 178 Group ideal, mediaeval, 144 f.; see Class Ideal Group Life, early, Chapter II.; necessary to understand moral life, 17; typical facts of, 17; kinship, 21 ff.; family, 23 ff.; ownership of land in, 24; other economic aspects of, 25 f.; political aspects of, 26-30; rights and responsibilities of individual in, 27-30; religious aspects of, 30-2; age and sex groups in, 32-4; moral significance of, 34 f.
Opportunity, equal, 526 f., 549 Optimism and courage, 412-3 "Oregon case," decision of U. S. Supreme Court in, 540 Ought, 176; see Duty Owen, 161 Paley, 354 n. Parsifal, 149 Parties, political, 478 Paul, his ethics, 100, 108 f. Peace, as moral ideal, 108 Perfectionism, 231 Pessimism, and courage, 413 Pindar, 122 Plato, on the necessity of the moral sense, 2; moral influence of art, 42; duty to strangers, 67; on measure, 112; religious critic, 116; on the "gentleman," 117; presents arguments of individualists, 120 ff.; on the State, 127, 129 f.; on the good, 131 ff.; on pleasure, 132 f.; on the ideal, 136 ff.; on the self, 140; on rule of wealthy, 491; on private property, 494 Pleasure, good measured by, among early Hebrews, 107; Greek doctrines of, 125 f., 132 f.; not the object of desire, 269-71; quality, 279, 282, 300; relation to happiness, 230, 281-3; and sympathy, 291-2; control of, 407-8 Police Power, 505-7, 540 f., 555 f. Pollock and Maitland, 460, 576 Post, 61 Principles, 179; nature of, 333-4; as motives, 350-2 Problems of Moral Theory, Chapter XI. (211-23); classified, 201, 214-5, 239, 263, 307 Production, moral cost of, 489; efficiency of, in individualistic systems, 527; regulation of, 528 f. Property, in primitive groups, 24-6; taboo as substitute for, 55; as factor in growth of individualism, 79 f., 83, 94, 119 f.; Plato on, 130; the Church on, 146 f.; and wealth, 487 f.; and character, 490; social aspects of, 491 f.; private, and social welfare, 493-5; implies public service, 515-7; value of private, 551; defects in present system, 551 ff.
Prophets, Hebrew, 99 f. Protagoras, 2 Protestantism, conception of marriage, 577 Public Agency, theory of, 525, Chapter XXV.; advantages claimed by, 537 ff. Public ownership, 494 f. Publicity, necessity of, 511 f., 520 f. Punishment, as necessitating moral judgment, 96 f.; evil viewed as by Hebrews, 96 f., 101; and duty, 353-5; and justice, 417; and social welfare, 442-3; and intent, 461; reform of, 470 Puritans, conception of God-given rights, 152; of art, 155; emphasized value of work, 156 Reason, as element in the moral, 10, 12, 40-2; as standard among Greeks, 91, 131 f., 134; age of, 163, 166; see Chapter XVI.; defined, 306; relation to desire, 308; _a priori_ of Kant, 310; is social, 315; value of principles, 333; and sympathy, 334; opposition to desire, 338, 340; and virtue, 405; and conscientiousness, 418-23 Religion, in early group life, 30-2; socializing force, 81 f.; moral agency among Hebrews, 94-102; Greek, 115 f., 139-41; ideals of mediaeval, 145-7; modern development of, 148-50; and customary morality, 180; in reflective morality, 195 ff., 432, 448; as sanction of the family, 582; see Church. Renaissance, 163 ff. Responsibility, collective, in group life, 17-20, 63, 70, 102; development of personal, 104 f., 141, 153, 158, 182 f.; meaning of, 436-9; for accidents, 458-60; for carelessness and negligence, 463-5; as affected by modern economic conditions, 500-3, 519 f.
Work, see Industry, Labor Worth, see Value Wyclif, 150 Xenophon, 115 f. Zuni ceremonies, 66 * * * * * American Science Series Physics. By A. L. KIMBALL, Professor in Amherst College. Physics. By GEORGE F. BARKER. Chemistry. By IRA REMSEN, President of the Johns Hopkins University. Astronomy. By SIMON NEWCOMB and EDWARD S. HOLDEN. Geology. By THOMAS C. CHAMBERLIN and ROLLIN D. SALISBURY, Professors in the University of Chicago. Physiography. By ROLLIN D. SALISBURY, Professor in the University of Chicago. General Biology. By WILLIAM T. SEDGWICK, Professor in the Mass. Institute, and EDMUND B. WILSON, Professor in Columbia University. Botany. By CHARLES E. BESSEY, Professor in the University of Nebraska. Zoology. By A. S. PACKARD, Professor in Brown University. The Human Body. By H. NEWELL MARTIN. Psychology. By WILLIAM JAMES, Professor in Harvard University. Ethics. By JOHN DEWEY, Professor in Columbia University, and JAMES H. TUFTS, Professor in the University of Chicago. Political Economy. By FRANCIS A. WALKER. Finance. By HENRY C. ADAMS, Professor in the University of Michigan. For full descriptions of the Advanced, Briefer, and Elementary Courses published under each topic, see the publishers' Educational Catalog. 34 West 33d Street, N. Y. 378 Wabash Ave., Chicago * * * * * Transcriber's note: 1. Obvious errors in spelling and punctuation have been corrected without comment. 2. The original text includes Greek characters. For this text version these letters have been replaced with transliterations. 3. Certain words use oe ligature in the original. 4. Footnotes have been renumbered and moved from the middle of a paragraph to the end of chapters. 5. Other than that, every effort has been made to represent the text as close to the original as possible.
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