Ethics · John Dewey
XVIII. THE PLACE OF THE SELF IN THE MORAL LIFE 364
Problems regarding the self, 364. Sec. 1. _The doctrine of self-denial_:--Explanation of its origin, 365; four objections to doctrine, 366. Sec. 2. _Self-assertion_:--Ethical dualism, 369; "naturalistic" ethics, 369; false biological basis, 371; misinterprets nature of efficiency, 373. Sec. 3. _Self-love and benevolence; or egoism and altruism_:--The "crux" of ethical speculation, 375; are all motives selfish? 376; ambiguity of term selfish, 377; are results selfish? 379; self-preservation, 380; rational regard for self, 382; regard for others, 384; the existence of "other-regarding" impulses, 385; altruism may be immoral, 387; social justice necessary to moral altruism, 389. Sec. 4. _The good as self-realization_:--Self-realization an ambiguous idea, 391; true and false consideration of the self, 393; equation of personal and general happiness, 395. XIX. THE VIRTUES 399 Introductory--virtue defined, 399; natural ability and virtue, 400; evolution of virtues, 401; responsibility for moral judgment, 402; futility of cataloguing virtues, 402; their cardinal aspects, 403. Sec. 1. _Temperance_:--Greek, Roman, and Christian conceptions, 405; negative and positive aspects, 407; pleasure and excitement, 408. Sec. 2. _Courage or persistent vigor_:--Dislike of the disagreeable, 410; "dimensions" of courage, 411; optimism and pessimism, 412. Sec. 3. _Justice_:--Three meanings of, 414; justice and love, 415; justice and punishment, 416. Sec. 4. _Wisdom or conscientiousness_:--Importance of intelligent interest, 418; Greek and modern ideas of moral wisdom, 419; ideals and thoughtfulness, 420; ideals and progress, 422.
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