HistoricalPeriod
19th-century philosophy
Overview
In the 19th century the philosophers of the 18th-century Enlightenment began to have a dramatic effect on subsequent developments in philosophy. In particular, the works of Immanuel Kant gave rise to a new generation of German philosophers and began to see wider recognition internationally. Also, in a reaction to the Enlightenment, a movement called Romanticism began to develop towards the end of the 18th century. Key ideas that sparked changes in philosophy were the fast progress of science, including evolution, most notably postulated by Charles Darwin, Alfred Russel Wallace and Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, and theories regarding what is today called emergent order, such as the free market of Adam Smith within nation states, or the Marxist approach concerning class warfare between the ruling class and the working class developed by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. Pressures for egalitarianism, and more rapid change culminated in a period of revolution and turbulence that would see philosophy change as well.
Overview adapted from Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0; see the article history for authors).
Philosophers who discussed 19th-century philosophy
- Kazimierz Twardowski
- Georg Simmel
- Ferdinand de Saussure
- Max Stirner
- Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
- James Mill
- Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling
- Friedrich Schleiermacher
- Friedrich Carl von Savigny
- Hermann Lotze
- Ernest Renan
- Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi
- T. H. Green
- George Henry Lewes
- Paul Natorp
- Charles Fourier
- Ralph Waldo Emerson
- George Boole
- Pierre-Joseph Proudhon
- Henry David Thoreau
- Swami Vivekananda
- Jeremy Bentham
- F. H. Bradley
- Gottlob Frege
Place in the tradition
Part of Outline of philosophy.