Method
Emotional intelligence
Overview
Emotional intelligence (EI), also known as emotional quotient (EQ), is the ability to perceive, use, understand, manage, and handle emotions. High emotional intelligence includes emotional recognition of emotions of the self and others, using emotional information to guide thinking and behavior, discerning between and labelling different feelings, and adjusting emotions to adapt to environments. This includes emotional literacy.
The term first appeared in 1964 and gained popularity in the 1995 bestselling book Emotional Intelligence by psychologist and science journalist Daniel Goleman. Researchers continue to suggest that emotional intelligence can be learned and strengthened, while others claim that it is innate.
Various models have been developed to measure EI: The trait model focuses on self-reported behavioral dispositions and perceived abilities; where the ability model focuses on an individual's ability to process emotional information and use it to navigate the social environment. Goleman's original model may now be considered a mixed model that combines what has since been modelled separately as ability EI and trait EI. The ability model defines emotional intelligence as a set of abilities related to using, understanding and managing emotions.
While some studies show that there is a correlation between high EI and positive workplace performance, there is no general consensus on the issue among psychologists, and no causal relationships have been shown. EI is typically associated with empathy, because it involves a person relating their personal experiences with those of others. Since its popularization in recent decades and links to workplace performance, methods of developing EI have become sought by people seeking to become more effective leaders. Meta-analyses have found emotional intelligence is positively associated with job performance across many different occupations.
Recent research has focused on emotion recognition, which refers to the attribution of emotional states based on observations of visual and auditory nonverbal cues. In addition, neurological studies have sought to characterize the neural mechanisms of emotional intelligence. Criticisms of EI have centered on whether EI has incremental validity over intelligence quotient (IQ) and the Big Five personality traits. Meta-analyses have found that certain measures of EI have validity even when controlling for both IQ and personality.
Overview adapted from Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0; see the article history for authors).
Possible passages
Found by search and not yet checked by a person; they may only mention the idea in passing.
Hence both teaching and learning tend to become conventional and mechanical with all the nervous strain on both sides therein implied. As maturity increases and as the student has a greater background of familiarity upon which a new topic is projected, the scope of more or less random physical experimentation is reduced. Activity is defined or specialized in certain channels. To the eyes of others, the student may…
John Dewey, Democracy and Education
States what Emotional intelligence is.
When two stimuli occur together, one of them, occurring afterwards, may call out the reaction for the other also. We call this an "ekphoric influence," and stimuli having this character are called "ekphoric stimuli." In such a case we call the engrams of the two stimuli "associated." All simultaneously generated engrams are associated; there is also association of successively aroused engrams, though this is…
Bertrand Russell, The Analysis of Mind
States what Emotional intelligence is.
Conscience as the Recognition of Special Acts as Right or Wrong. Conscience in this sense is no peculiar, separate faculty of mind. It is simply intelligence dealing with a certain subject-matter. That is, conscience is distinguished not by the kind of mental activity at work, but by the kind of material the mind works upon. Intelligence deals with the nature and relations of things, and we call it understanding…
John Dewey, Outlines of a Critical Theory of Ethics
States what Emotional intelligence is.
Philosophers who discussed Emotional intelligence
Related ideas
- Emotion
- Correlation
- Self-control
- Social relation
- Motivation
- Abraham Maslow
- Empathy
- Scientific community
- Intellect
- Self-actualization
- Violence
- Social environment
- Validity (statistics)
- Phenotypic trait
- Daniel Goleman
- Emotional Intelligence
- Controlling behavior in relationships
Place in the tradition
Part of Metaepistemology.