Concept
Nine Schools of Thought
Overview
The Nine Schools of Thought were the primary schools during the Hundred Schools of Thought period of China during the Eastern Zhou dynasty.
They were:
Confucianism (as interpreted by Mencius and others),
Legalism,
Taoism,
Mohism,
Agriculturalism,
School of Diplomacy,
the Logicians,
Sun Tzu's Militarists
Naturalists
Although only the first three of these went on to receive imperial patronage in later dynasties, doctrines from each influenced the others and Chinese society in sometimes unusual ways. The Mohists, for instance, found little interest in their praise of meritocracy but much acceptance for their mastery of defensive siege warfare; much later, however, their arguments against nepotism were used in favor of establishing the imperial examination system.
Overview adapted from Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0; see the article history for authors).
Possible passages
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On the whole, philosophic utterances and Notions are still poor, and it was in Zeno that Philosophy first attained to a purer expression of itself.
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Hegel's Lectures on the History of Philosophy
States what Nine Schools of Thought is.
The reaction of the Socratic school against the Sophistic may serve to illustrate the third stage of thinking. This movement was not interested in the _de facto_ shaking of received ideas and a discrediting of all thinking.
John Dewey, Essays in Experimental Logic
Close in meaning to Nine Schools of Thought; the term itself is not named.
The Chinese people, from time immemorial, have been divided into four great classes, relative to the rank that men occupy in society, following the functions that they execute therein,[549] very nearly as do the Indians: but this division, that long custom has rendered purely political, is looked upon very differently by the philosophers. Man, according to them, constitutes one of the three productive powers which…
Antoine Fabre d'Olivet, The golden verses of Pythagoras
Close in meaning to Nine Schools of Thought; the term itself is not named.
Related ideas
- Mencius
- School of Names
- Mohism
- Legalism (Chinese philosophy)
- Hundred Schools of Thought
- Taoism
- School of Naturalists
- Sun Tzu
- Confucianism
- School of Diplomacy
- Agriculturalism
Place in the tradition
Part of Hundred Schools of Thought.