Concept
Ventricular septal defect
Overview
A ventricular septal defect (VSD) is a hole in the ventricular septum, the wall dividing the left and right ventricles of the heart. It is a common congenital heart defect, although restrictive muscular VSDs are not true pathological defects; they are typically just a delayed closure of the ventricular septum. They have an extremely high prevalence in newborns. The extent of the opening may vary from pin size to complete absence of the ventricular septum, creating one common ventricle. The ventricular septum consists of an inferior muscular and superior membranous portion and is extensively innervated with conducting cardiomyocytes.
The membranous portion, which is close to the atrioventricular node, is most commonly affected in adults and older children in the United States. It is also the type that will most commonly require surgical intervention, comprising over 80% of cases.
New research has found that muscular ventricular septal defects are more common than membranous ventricular septal defects, and are the most common congenital cardiac anomaly. Around 3-5% of newborn babies have small muscular VSDs, according to the Copenhagen Baby Heart Study.
Overview adapted from Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0; see the article history for authors).
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If the cup-shaped structure resulting be supposed to have its wide opening gradually narrowed, until it becomes the mouth of an internal chamber, it will represent what is known as a _gastrula_--a double layer of cells, of which the outer is called epiblast and the inner hypoblast (answering to ectoderm and endoderm) inclosing a cavity known as the _archenteron_, or primitive digestive sac. But now in place of this…
Herbert Spencer, The Principles of Biology, Volume 1
States what Ventricular septal defect is.
On the under side, in the upper part, there is an _articular ridge_, and on its scutal side, an _articular furrow_, receiving the articular ridge of the scutum. In the basi-carinal corner of the valve there are often crests for the attachment of the tergal depressor muscle. _Sack_, _Body_, _Cirri_, _Mouth_.--A slit-like orifice between the opercular valves leads into the _sack_, in which the body is lodged. The body…
Charles Darwin, A Monograph on the Sub-class Cirripedia
States what Ventricular septal defect is.
Passing through this, the probe emerges forward into what was once the cavity of the anterior vesicle. But the covering has melted away at this place, and the cavity now forms a deep compressed pit or groove between the two walls of the vesicle, and is called the _third ventricle_ (3 in Figs. 32 and 33). The 'aqueduct of Sylvius' is in consequence of this connection often called the _iter a tertio ad quartum…
William James, Psychology
States what Ventricular septal defect is.
Philosophers who discussed Ventricular septal defect
Related ideas
Place in the tradition
Part of Robert C. Solomon.
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