An Inquiry Into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations · Adam Smith
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_Absentee_ tax, the propriety of, considered with reference to Ireland, 379. _Accounts_ of money, in modern Europe, all kept, and the value of goods computed, in silver, 16. _Actors_, public, paid for the contempt attending their profession, 44. _Africa_, cause assigned for the barbarous state of the interior parts of that continent, 9. _African company_, establishment and constitution of, 309. Receive an annual allowance from parliament for forts and garrisons, 310. The company not under sufficient controul, ib. History of the Royal African company, 311. Decline of, ib. Rise of the present company, ib. _Age_, the foundation of rank and precedency in rude as well as civilized societies, 297. _Aggregate fund_, in the British finances, explained, 388. _Agio_ of the bank of Amsterdam explained, 194. Of the bank of Hamburgh, 195. The agio at Amsterdam, how kept at a medium rate, 197.
_Agriculture_, the labour of, does not admit of such subdivisions as manufactures, 3. This impossibility of separation prevents agriculture from improving equally with manufactures, ib. Natural state of, in a new colony, 38. Requires more knowledge and experience than most mechanical professions, and yet is carried on without any restrictions, 53. The terms of rent, how adjusted between landlord and tenant, 60. Is extended by good roads and navigable canals, 62. Under what circumstances pasture land is more valuable than arable, 63. Gardening not a very gainful employment, 64. Vines the most profitable article of culture, 65. Estimates of profit from projects very fallacious, ib. Cattle and tillage mutually improve each other, 93. Remarks on that of Scotland, ib. On that of North America, 94. Poultry, a profitable article in husbandry, ib. Hogs, 95. Dairy, 96. Evidences of land being completely improved, ib. The extension of cultivation, as it raises the price of animal food, reduces that of vegetables, 103. By whom and how practised under feudal government, 137. Its operations not so much intended to increase, as to direct the fertility of nature, 149. Has been the cause of the prosperity of the British colonies in America, 150. The profits of, exaggerated by projectors, 154. On equal terms, is naturally preferred to trade, 156. Artificers necessary to the carrying it on, ib. Was not attended to by the northern destroyers of the Roman empire, 157. The ancient policy of Europe unfavourable to, 162. Was promoted by the commerce and manufactures of towns, 170. The wealth arising from, more solid and durable than that which proceeds from commerce, 172. Is not encouraged by the bounty on the exportation of corn, 207. Why the proper business of new companies, 251. The present agricultural system of political economy adopted in France, described, 275. Is discouraged by restrictions and prohibitions in trade, 279. Is favoured beyond manufactures in China, 282. And in Indostan, 283. Does not require so extensive a market as manufactures, 284. To check manufactures in order to promote agriculture, false policy, 285. Landlords ought to be encouraged to cultivate part of their own land, 350.
_Alcavala_, the tax in Spain so called, explained and considered, 381. The ruin of the Spanish manufactures attributed to this tax, ib. _Alehouses_, the number of, not the efficient cause of drunkenness, 148, 200. _Allodial rights_, mistaken for feudal rights, 168. The introduction of the feudal law tended to moderate the authority of the allodial lords, ib. _Ambassadors_, the first motive of their appointment, 307. _America_, why labour is dearer in North America than in England, 29. Great increase of population there, ib. Common rate of interest there, 38. Is a new market for the produce of its own silver mines, 85. The first accounts of the two empires of Peru and Mexico greatly exaggerated, ib. Improving state of the Spanish colonies there, 86. Account of the paper currency of the British colonies, 134. Cause of the rapid prosperity of the British colonies there, 150. Why manufactures for distant sale have never been established there, 156. Its speedy improvement owing to assistance from foreign capitals, 157. The purchase and improvement of uncultivated land the most profitable employment of capitals, 171. Commercial alterations produced by the discovery of, 181. But two civilized nations found on the whole continent, ib. The wealth of the North American colonies increased, though the balance of trade continued against them, 203. Madeira wine, how introduced there, 204. Historical review of the European settlements in, 229. Of Spain, 232, 233. Of Holland, 234. Of France, ib. Of Britain, ib. Ecclesiastical government in the several European colonies, 235. Fish a principal article of trade from North America to Spain, Portugal, and the Mediterranean, 237. Naval stores to Britain, 238. Little credit due to the policy of Europe from the success of the colonies, 242. The discovery and colonization of, how far advantageous to Europe, 243. And to America, ib. The colonies in, governed by a spirit of monopoly, 261. The interest of the consumer in Britain sacrificed to that of the producer, by the system of colonization, 274. Plan for extending the British system of taxation, over all the provinces of, 397, 398. The question, how the Americans could pay taxes without specie, considered, 402. Ought in justice to contribute to discharge the public debt in Britain, 402. Expediency of their union with Britain, 403. The British empire there a mere project, 404.
_Amsterdam_, agio of the bank of, explained, 194. Occasion of its establishment, 195. Advantages attending payments there, ib. Rate demanded for keeping money there, ib. Prices at which bullion and coin are received, 196, _note_. This bank the great warehouse of Europe for bullion, 197. Demands upon, how made and answered, ib. The agio, how kept at a medium rate, ib. The treasure of, whether all preserved in its repositories, 198. The amount of its treasure only to be conjectured, ib. Fees paid to the bank for transacting business, ib. _Annuities_, for terms of years, and for lives, in the British finances, historical account of, 389. _Apothecaries_, the profit on their drugs, unjustly stigmatized as exorbitant, 46. _Apprenticeship_, the nature and intention of this bond of servitude, explained, 42. The limitations imposed on various trades as to the number of apprentices, 50. The statute of apprenticeship in England, ib. Apprenticeships in France and Scotland, 51. General remarks on the tendency and operation of long apprenticeships, ib. The statute of, ought to be repealed, 191. _Arabs_, their manner of supporting war, 289. _Army_, three different ways by which a nation may maintain one in a distant country, 178. Standing, distinction between and a militia, 292. Historical review of, 294. The Macedonian army, ib. Carthaginian army, ib. Roman army, ib. Is alone able to perpetuate the civilization of a country, 296. Is the speediest engine for civilizing a barbarous country, ib. Under what circumstances dangerous to, and under what favourable to liberty, ib. _Artificers_ prohibited by law from going to foreign countries, 273. Residing abroad, and not returning on notice, exposed to outlawry, ib. See _Manufactures_. _Asdrubal_, his army greatly improved by discipline, 294. How defeated, ib. _Assembly_, houses of, in the British colonies, the constitutional freedom of, shewn, 240. _Assiento Contract_, 312. _Assize_ of bread and ale, remarks on that statute, 75, 77. _Augustus_, emperor, emancipates the slaves of Vedius Pollio for his cruelty, 241.
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