An Inquiry Into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations · Adam Smith
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_East Indies_, representation of the miserable state of the provinces of, under the English government there, 30. Historical view of the European trade with those countries, 86. Rice countries more populous and rich than corn countries, ib. The real price of labour lower in China and Indostan than in the greater part of Europe, 87. Gold and silver the most profitable commodities to carry thither, ib. The proportional value of gold to silver, how rated there, 89. Great extension of foreign commerce by the discovery of a passage to, round the Cape of Good Hope, 181. Historical review of the intercourse with, ib., 182. Effect of the annual exportation of silver to, from Europe, ib. The trade with, chiefly carried on by exclusive companies, 261. Tendency of their monopolies, ib.
_East India company_, a monopoly against the very nation in which it is erected, 261. The operation of such a company in a poor and in a rich country compared, ib. That country whose capital is not large enough to extend to such a distant trade ought not to engage in it, 262. The mercantile habits of trading companies render them incapable of consulting their true interests when they become sovereigns, 264. The genius of the administration of the English company, ib. Subordinate practices of their agents and clerks, 265. The bad conduct of agents in India owing to their situation, ib. Such an exclusive company a nuisance in every respect, 266. Brief review of their history, 313. Their privileges invaded, ib. A rival company formed, ib. The two companies united, 314. Are infected by the spirit of war and conquest, ib. Agreements between the company and government, ib. Interference of government in their territorial administration, 315. And in the direction at home, ib. Why unfit to govern a great empire, ib. Their sovereign and commercial characters incompatible, 344. How the territorial acquisitions of, might be rendered a source of revenue, 403. _Economists_, sect of, in France, their political tenets, 275. _Edinburgh_, its present share of trade owing to the removal of the court and parliament, 138.
_Education_, the principal cause of the various talents observable in different men, 7. Those parts of, for which there are no public institutions, generally the best taught, 320. In universities, a view of, 323. Of travelling for, 324. Course of, in the republics of ancient Greece, ib. In ancient Rome, ib. The ancient teachers superior to those in modern times, 326. Public institutions injurious to good education, ib. Inquiry how far the public ought to attend to the education of the people, 327. The different opportunities of education in the different ranks of the people, 328. The advantages of proper attention in the state to the education of the people, 329. _Egypt_, the first country in which agriculture and manufactures appear to have been cultivated, 9. Agriculture was greatly favoured there, 283. Was long the granary of the Roman empire, 284. _Ejectment_, action of, in England, when invented, and its operation, 160. _Employments_, the advantages and disadvantages of the different kinds of, in the same neighbourhood, continually tend to equality, 41. The differences or inequalities among, specified, ib. The constancy or precariousness of, influences the rate of wages, 43.
_England_, the dates of its several species of coinage, silver, gold, and copper, 16. Why labour is cheaper there than in North America, 29. The rate of population in both countries compared, ib. The produce and labour of, have gradually increased from the earliest accounts in history, while writers are representing the country as rapidly declining, 141. Enumeration of obstructions and calamities which the prosperity of the country has surmounted, ib. Circumstances that favour commerce and manufactures, 171. Laws in favour of agriculture, ib. Why formerly unable to carry on foreign wars of long duration, 180. Why the commerce with France has been subjected to so many discouragements, 202. Foundation of the enmity between these countries, ib. Translation of the commercial treaty concluded in 1703 with Portugal, 223. Inquiry into the value of the trade with Portugal, ib., 224. Might procure gold without the Portugal trade, ib. Consequences of securing the colony trade by the navigation act, 245. _Engrossing_. See _Forstalling_. _Entails_, the law of, prevents the division of land by alienation, 157. Intention of, 158. _Europe_, general review of the several nations of, as to their improvement since the discovery of America, 85. The two richest countries in, enjoy the greatest shares of the carrying trade, 153. Inquiry into the advantages derived by, from the discovery and colonization of America, 243. The particular advantages derived by each colonizing country, 244. And by others which have no colonies, 259.
_Exchange_, the operation of, in the commercial intercourse of different countries, 174. The course of, an uncertain criterion of the balance of trade between two countries, 192, 193. Is generally in favour of those countries which pay in bank money, against those which pay in common currency, 198. _Excise_, the principal objects of, 371. The duties of, more clear and distinct than the customs, 373. Affects only a few articles of the most general consumption, ib. The scheme of Sir Robert Walpole defended, 375. The excise upon home-made fermented and spiritous liquors the most productive, 376. Expense of levying excise duties computed, 380. The laws of, more vexatious than those of the customs, 381. _Exercise_, military, alteration in, produced by the invention of fire-arms, 292. _Expenses_, private, how they influence the national capital, 33. Advantage of bestowing them on durable commodities, ib. _Export trade_, the principles of, explained, 153. When rude produce may be advantageously exported, even by a foreign capital, 156, 157. Why encouraged by European nations, 182, 183. By what means promoted, ib. The motives to, and tendency of, drawbacks of duties, 203. The grants of bounties on, considered, 205. Exportation of the materials of manufactures, review of the restraints and prohibitions of, 268.
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