The Natural History of Pliny, Volume 3 · the Elder Pliny
THE NATURAL HISTORY OF THE CULTIVATED TREES.
29. The cultivation of the olive _ib._ 30. Transplanting operations as distributed throughout the various seasons of the year 487 31. The cleaning and baring of the roots, and moulding them 491 32. Willow-beds 492 33. Reed-beds 493 34. Other plants that are cut for poles and stakes 494 35. The culture of the vine and the various shrubs which support it 495 36. How grapes are protected from the ravages of insects 517 37. The diseases of trees _ib._ 38. Prodigies connected with trees 526 39. Treatment of the diseases of trees 528 40. Methods of irrigation 529 41. Remarkable facts connected with irrigation _ib._ 42. Incisions made in trees 530 43. Other remedies for the diseases of trees _ib._ 44. Caprification, and particulars connected with the fig 531 45. Errors that may be committed in pruning _ib._ 46. The proper mode of manuring trees 532 47. Medicaments for trees _ib._ GREEK AND ROMAN MONEY, WEIGHTS, AND MEASURES MENTIONED BY PLINY.
Acetabulum. R 1/8 of a Sextarius, .1238 pint. Actus. R 120 Pedes or Roman feet. Amphora. R 48 Sextarii, 5 gall. 7.577 pints. As. R 2-1/8 farthings. Copper. As. R [weight] See “Libra.” Concha, Smaller, G and R .0412 pint. Concha, Larger, G and R .1238 pint. Congius. R 5.9471 pints. Cubitus. G 1 foot 6.2016 inches. Cubitus. R 1 foot 5.4744 inches. Culeus. R 20 Amphoræ, 118 gall. 7.546 pints. Cyathus. G and R 1/12 of a Sextarius, .0825 pint. Denarius. R 16 Asses, 8-1/2 pence. Silver. Denarius. R. [weight] 52.5 to 60 grains. Digitus, or Finger. R 1/16 of a Pes, .7281 inch. Drachma. G .63 grains. Hemina. R See “Semisextarius.” Jugerum. R 240 Pedes or Roman feet by 120. Libra, or Pound. R 11-3/4 ounces 60.45 grains, avoird. Mina.[1] G 15 ounces 83.75 grains, avoird. Modius. R. [dry measure] 1/3 of an Amphora, 1 gall. 7.8576 pints. Obolus, G 1-1/2 pence + .5 farthings. Silver. Obolus. G. [weight] 10.5 grains. Palmus, or Handbreadth. R 2.9214 inches. Passus, or Pace.[2] R 5 Roman feet, 4 ft. 10.248 inches. Pes, or Foot. R 12 Unciæ, 11.6496 inches. Pollex, or Thumb. R See “Uncia” [lineal measure]. Quadrans. R .53125 farthings. Copper. Quadrans. R [weight] 3 Unciæ, 2-3/4 ounces 97.21 grs. Quadrantal. R See “Amphora.” Quartarius. R 1/4 of a Sextarius, .2477 pint. Quinarius. R 1/2 of a Denarius. Scripulum, or Scruple. R 1/24 of an Uncia, 18.06 grains. Semisextarius. R 1/2 of a Sextarius. Sestertius. R 1/4 of a Denarius. Brass or Silver. Sestertium. R 1000 Sestertii, £7 16s. 3d. Sextarius. R 1/6 of a Congius, .9911 pint. Spithama, or Span. G 9.1008 inches. Stadium. G and R 1/8 of a Roman mile, 606 feet 9 in. Teruncius. R See “Quadrans” [weight & money]. Ulna, or Ell. R 6 feet, 81 inch. Uncia, or Inch. R 1/12 of a Pes, .9708 inch. Uncia, or Ounce. R 1/12 of a Libra. 433.666 grs. Urna. R 1/2 of an Amphora. Victoriatus. R See “Quinarius.”
The Schœnus, an Egyptian and Persian lineal measure, varied considerably; being sometimes thirty, and sometimes forty Stadia. See B. v. c. 11, B. vi. c. 30, and B. xii. c. 30. The Attic Talent, as a weight, was equal to 56lb. 15-1/4oz. 100.32 grains. The Commercial Talent was 85lb. 2-1/2oz. 70.7 grs. The Silver Attic, or Great Talent, was in value £343 15s. or, according to Pollux, £406 5s. The Gold, or Sicilian Talent, was equal in weight to six Attic Drachmæ, or about 3/4 oz. and 71 grs. The Egyptian Talent, as a measure of weight, was equal to about twice the Attic Talent.
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