School
Dvaita Vedanta
Overview
Dvaita Vedanta (, originally known as Tattvavada; IAST: Tattvavāda), is a sub-school in the Vedanta tradition of Hindu philosophy. The term Tattvavada literally means "arguments from a realist viewpoint". The Tattvavada (Dvaita) Vedanta sub-school was founded by the 13th-century Indian philosopher-saint Madhvacharya. Madhvacharya believed in three entities: God, jiva (soul), and jada (maya, matter). The Dvaita Vedanta believes that God and the individual souls (jīvātman) exist as distinct realities. These individual souls are dependent (paratantra) on Vishnu (Narayana), who alone is independent (svatantra).
The Dvaita school contrasts with the other two major sub-schools of Vedanta, the Advaita Vedanta of Adi Shankara which posits nondualism—that ultimate reality (Brahman) and human soul (Ātman) are identical and all reality is interconnected oneness, and Vishishtadvaita of Ramanuja which posits qualified nondualism—that ultimate reality (Brahman) and human soul are different but with the potential to be identical. Sanyasis of the Dvaita Vedanta tradition belong to the ēkadaṇḍi order.
Overview adapted from Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0; see the article history for authors).
Possible passages
Found by search and not yet checked by a person; they may only mention the idea in passing.
Thus far we have seen the theories of these Advaitist philosophers, how there is but one _Âtman_; there cannot be two. We have seen how in the whole of this universe there is but One Existence, and that One Existence when seen through the senses is called the world, the world of matter. When It is seen through the mind It is called the world of thoughts and ideas, and when It is seen as it is, then It is the One…
Swami Vivekananda, Jnâna Yoga, Part II
States what Dvaita Vedanta is.
Other methods of deliverance from evil are in the excessive acts of penance performed by the Indians, to which a retreat within themselves is added. Now when the Indian thus internally collects himself, and retreats within his own thoughts, the moment of such pure concentration is called Brahma, the one and the clearly supersensuous state, which the understanding calls the highest possible existence. When this is so…
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Hegel's Lectures on the History of Philosophy
States what Dvaita Vedanta is.
But if taken in a substantive sense, we say "one uncreated, immense, eternal being," as Athanasius declares. Reply Obj. 1: Though the name "God" signifies a being having Godhead, nevertheless the mode of signification is different. For the name "God" is used substantively; whereas "having Godhead" is used adjectively. Consequently, although there are "three having Godhead," it does not follow that there are three…
Aquinas Thomas, Summa Theologica, Part I
States what Dvaita Vedanta is.
Philosophers who discussed Dvaita Vedanta
- Madhvacharya
- Vallabha
- Umaswati
- Gaudapada
- Vyasatirtha
- Appayya Dikshita
- Jayatirtha
- Srinivasacharya
- Madhusūdana Sarasvatī
Related ideas
- Lakshmi
- Avatar
- Ātman (Hinduism)
- Deva (Hinduism)
- Vishishtadvaita
- Ramanuja
- Madhvacharya
- Treta Yuga
- Vedas
- Karma
- Chaitanya Mahaprabhu
- Saṃsāra
- Moksha
- Satya Yuga
- Assam
- Adi Shankara
- Polytheism
- Vishnu
- Monotheism
- Matter
- Brahman
- Vedanta
- Sanskrit
- Advaita Vedanta
Place in the tradition
Part of Dualism in cosmology.