Concept
Lu (state)
Overview
Lu (Chinese: 魯; c. 1042 – 249 BC) was a vassal state during the Zhou dynasty of ancient China located around modern southwest Shandong. Founded in the 11th century BC, its rulers were from a cadet branch of the House of Ji (姬) that ruled the Zhou dynasty. The first duke was Boqin, a son of the Duke of Zhou, who was brother of King Wu of Zhou and regent to King Cheng of Zhou.
Lu was the home state of Confucius as well as Mozi, and, as such, has an outsized cultural influence among the states of the Eastern Zhou and in history. The Annals of Spring and Autumn, for instance, was written with the Lu rulers' years as their basis. Another great work of Chinese history, the Zuo Zhuan or Commentary of Zuo, was traditionally considered to have been written in Lu by Zuo Qiuming.
Overview adapted from Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0; see the article history for authors).
In the original texts
Passages from public-domain books where Lu (state) is discussed.
The Master said. After I came back from Wei to Lu the music was set straight and each song found its place. 15. The Master said, To serve dukes and ministers abroad and father and brothers at home; in matters of mourning not to dare to be slack; and to be no thrall to wine: to which of these have I won? 16. As he stood by a stream, the Master said, Hasting away like this, day and night, without stop!
Confucius, The Sayings of Confucius
names the idea; author linked in the graph; opens on it
X. The Master said, 'If there were (any of the princes) who would employ me, in the course of twelve months, I should have done something considerable. In three years, the government would be perfected.' CHAP. XI. The Master said, '"If good men were to govern a country in succession for a hundred years, they would be able to transform the violently bad, and dispense with capital punishments." True indeed is this…
Confucius, The Analects of Confucius
a chapter is titled for it; author linked in the graph; names the idea
Lu. Oh noble father, you lament in vaine, The Tribunes heare not, no man is by, And you recount your sorrowes to a stone Ti. Ah Lucius for thy brothers let me plead, Graue Tribunes, once more I intreat of you Lu.
William Shakespeare, Shakespeare's First Folio
names the idea; opens on it
Pronounce _æ_ as in _Cæsar_; _ei_ as _i_ in _island_; [_oe_] as _æ_; _y_, when accented, as _i_ in _island_; when unaccented, as _i_ in _till_. Pronounce _ch_ as _k_. _C_ and _g_ are soft (as _s_ and _j_) before _ei_, _i_, _y_, _æ_, [_oe_], _eu_; otherwise, hard, as _k_ and _g_ (in _gas_). A-chil'-les. Æ-ne'-as. Ag-a-mem'-non. A-ge'-nor. A'-jax. An-chi'-ses. An-dræ'-mon. An-drom'-a-che. An-te'-nor. An-til'-o-chus…
Alfred John Church, The story of the Iliad
names the idea
The history of China is known in some detail from the year 722 B.C., because with this year begins Confucius' _Springs and Autumns_, which is a chronicle of the State of Lu, in which Confucius was an official. One of the odd things about the history of China is that after the Emperors have been succeeding each other for more than 2,000 years, one comes to a ruler who is known as the "First Emperor," Shih Huang Ti…
Bertrand Russell, The Problem of China
opens on it; names the idea
Philosophers who discussed Lu (state)
Related ideas
- Shandong
- Duke of Zhou
- Spring and Autumn period
- Shiji
- Warring States period
- Mozi
- Mencius
- Sima Qian
- Qi (state)
- Zhou dynasty
- History of China
- Confucius
- Qufu
- Ancient Chinese states
Place in the tradition
Part of Confucianism.