Concept
Null hypothesis
Overview
The null hypothesis (often denoted
H
0
{\textstyle H_{0}}
) is the claim in scientific research that the effect being studied does not exist. The null hypothesis can also be described as the hypothesis in which no relationship exists between two sets of data or variables being analyzed. If the null hypothesis is true, any experimentally observed effect is due to chance alone, hence the term "null". In contrast with the null hypothesis, an alternative hypothesis (often denoted
H
A
{\displaystyle H_{A}}
or
H
1
{\displaystyle H_{1}}
) is developed, which claims that a relationship does exist between two variables.
Overview adapted from Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0; see the article history for authors).
Possible passages
Found by search and not yet checked by a person; they may only mention the idea in passing.
Observation extends only to the sensations by which we recognize objects; but the propositions which we make use of, either in science or in common life, relate mostly to the objects themselves. In every act of what is called observation, there is at least one inference—from the sensations to the presence of the object; from the marks or diagnostics, to the entire phenomenon. And hence, among other consequences…
John Stuart Mill, A System of Logic, Ratiocinative and Inductive
States what Null hypothesis is.
When a formula of this kind is discovered, it is no longer called an empirical formula, but a law of Nature; and is sooner or later made the basis of an hypothesis which is to explain it. These simple formulæ are not usually, if ever, exactly true, but they are none the less important for that; and the great triumph of the hypothesis comes when it explains not only the formula, but also the deviations from the…
Charles S. Peirce, Chance, Love, and Logic
States what Null hypothesis is.
The question remains: Why, if there is no opposition, should there be any uncertainty? In all instances, then, the hypothesis appears as one among other possible predicates which may be applied to our data taken as subject-matter of a judgment. _The predicate as hypothesis._--Suppose, then, the hypothesis is a predicate; is the predicate necessarily a hypothesis? This is the next question we are called upon to…
John Dewey, Studies in Logical Theory
States what Null hypothesis is.
Philosophers who discussed Null hypothesis
Related ideas
- Karl Pearson
- Real number
- Hypothesis
- Statistical hypothesis test
- Circular reasoning
- Sage Publishing
- Wiley (publisher)
- Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A
Place in the tradition
Part of Philosophy of psychology.